Canada is on the brink of a major shift in its immigration and border security landscape with the introduction of the Strong Borders Act, a sweeping legislative proposal unveiled in June 2025. Touted as a response to growing concerns over irregular migration, organized crime, and the rise in fentanyl trafficking, the bill proposes expansive new powers for immigration authorities, law enforcement, and the Canadian Coast Guard. At over 120 pages, the legislation signals one of the most comprehensive overhauls of Canada’s immigration and security policies in recent history. But as the federal government champions it as a necessary step to “protect the integrity” of Canada’s borders, critics warn it could come at the cost of civil liberties, refugee protections, and Canada’s international human rights obligations.
Enhanced Border Security Measures
The bill proposes significant expansions to the powers of the Canadian Coast Guard and other law enforcement agencies. Under the amendments to the Oceans Act, the Coast Guard would be authorized to conduct security patrols, collect and analyze intelligence, and share information for security purposes. Additionally, the Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) would gain enhanced capabilities to share information on registered sex offenders with domestic and international partners.
Reforms to Asylum Eligibility
A central component of the bill is the tightening of asylum eligibility criteria. Notably, individuals who entered Canada after June 24, 2020, and apply for asylum more than one year after their entry would be deemed ineligible. Furthermore, those who cross into Canada from the U.S. at non-official entry points and file claims after a specified period would also face ineligibility. These provisions aim to deter irregular migration and expedite the processing of legitimate claims.
Authority to Suspend or Cancel Immigration Applications
The legislation grants the Governor in Council the power to suspend or terminate the processing of immigration applications and to cancel, suspend, or vary immigration documents when deemed in the public interest. This authority could be exercised in response to national emergencies or other significant concerns.
Information Sharing Enhancements
Amendments to the Department of Citizenship and Immigration Act would authorize Immigration, Refugees and Citizenship Canada (IRCC) to share client information, such as identity and immigration status, with federal, provincial, and territorial partners through formal agreements. This measure aims to improve coordination among agencies and streamline immigration processes.
Combatting Transnational Crime and Drug Trafficking
In response to the growing threat of synthetic opioids like fentanyl, the bill introduces a new accelerated scheduling pathway allowing the Minister of Health to rapidly control precursor chemicals used in drug production. Additionally, the Canadian Border Services Agency (CBSA) would receive expanded powers to inspect mail and packages, aiming to intercept illicit substances.
Government’s Rationale
Public Safety Minister Gary Anandasangaree emphasized that the Strong Borders Act is designed to equip law enforcement with the necessary tools to secure Canada’s borders, combat organized crime, and maintain the integrity of the immigration system. The government asserts that these measures are essential to address evolving security challenges and to ensure public safety.
Criticisms and Concerns
Potential Erosion of Civil Liberties
Human rights organizations and legal experts have raised alarms about the bill’s potential to infringe upon civil liberties. The Canadian Council of Refugees and the Migrant Rights Network argue that the expanded powers to suspend or cancel immigration applications lack sufficient oversight and could lead to arbitrary decision-making.
Impact on Vulnerable Populations
Critics contend that the tightened asylum eligibility rules could disproportionately affect vulnerable individuals, including those fleeing persecution who may not be able to file claims promptly. The retroactive application of certain provisions has also been a point of contention, with concerns about fairness and due process.
International Obligations
Some legal scholars question whether the bill aligns with Canada’s international commitments under refugee and human rights conventions. There is apprehension that the proposed changes could undermine Canada’s reputation as a welcoming nation for refugees.
Political Context
The introduction of the Strong Borders Act occurs amid heightened concerns over border security and immigration in North America. The U.S. administration has exerted pressure on neighboring countries to strengthen their borders, particularly in light of issues related to drug trafficking and irregular migration. Canada’s proposed legislation can be seen as part of a broader effort to address these regional challenges.
Next Steps
As of now, the Strong Borders Act has undergone its first reading in the House of Commons. The bill will proceed through the standard legislative process, including committee reviews and potential amendments, before it can be enacted into law. Stakeholders from various sectors are expected to provide input during this period, influencing the final shape of the legislation.
Conclusion
The Strong Borders Act represents a significant shift in Canada’s approach to immigration and border security. While the government positions the bill as a necessary response to contemporary security threats, it has ignited a robust debate about the balance between national security and the protection of individual rights. As the legislative process unfolds, it will be crucial to monitor how these competing interests are reconciled to shape Canada’s immigration policy for the future.